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Read the full article: Tonga Eruption Sent Ripples Through Earth’s Ionosphere The slanted dashed and dotted lines indicate the velocity of the waves.
The horizontal squiggles show electron density profiles over time, as recorded in the signals of four GNSS constellations, or groups of satellites: GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and BeiDou. In the above image, the vertical red line in the data plot indicates the time of the eruption. The powerful underwater volcanic eruption that blanketed the island nation of Tonga with ash and sent tsunami waves across the world also caused ripples in Earth’s ionosphere, according to measurements from the Global Differential GPS System (GDGPS) managed by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California. Read the full story at NASA Earth Observatory: Tonga Volcano Plume Reached the Mesosphere “We are fortunate that it was viewed so well by our latest generation of geostationary satellites and we can use this data in innovative ways to document its evolution.” Bedka is also principal investigator for the NASA ROSES A.37 project " Hail Storm Risk Assessment Using Space-Borne Remote Sensing Observations and Reanalysis Data". “The intensity of this event far exceeds that of any storm cloud I have ever studied,” said Kristopher Bedka, an atmospheric scientist at NASA Langley who specializes in studying extreme storms. Credits: NASA Earth Observatory images and video by Joshua Stevens, using data courtesy of Kristopher Bedka and Konstantin Khlopenkov/NASA Langley Research Center, and GOES-17 imagery courtesy of NOAA and the National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) Stereo height retrievals showing the height of the volcanic plume over time from the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha‘apai eruption.
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